Powering cellular networks with renewable energy sources via energyharvesting (EH) has recently been proposed as a promising solution for greennetworking. However, with intermittent and random energy arrivals, it ischallenging to provide satisfactory quality of service (QoS) in EH networks. Toenjoy the greenness brought by EH while overcoming the instability of therenewable energy sources, hybrid energy supply (HES) networks that are poweredby both EH and the electric grid have emerged as a new paradigm for greencommunications. In this paper, we will propose new design methodologies for HESgreen cellular networks with the help of Lyapunov optimization techniques. Thenetwork service cost, which addresses both the grid energy consumption andachievable QoS, is adopted as the performance metric, and it is optimized viabase station assignment and power control (BAPC). Our main contribution is alow-complexity online algorithm to minimize the long-term average networkservice cost, namely, the Lyapunov optimization-based BAPC (LBAPC) algorithm.One main advantage of this algorithm is that the decisions depend only on theinstantaneous side information without requiring distribution information ofchannels and EH processes. To determine the network operation, we only need tosolve a deterministic per-time slot problem, for which an efficient inner-outeroptimization algorithm is proposed. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is shownto be asymptotically optimal via rigorous analysis. Finally, sample simulationresults are presented to verify the theoretical analysis as well as validatethe effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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